קוד: את מי חרפת וגדפת בתנ"ך
סוג: פרטים1
מאת: אבנר רמו
אל:
In the Book of Kings we read:
הטה יהוה אזנך ושמע, פקח יהוה עיניך וראה; ושמע את דברי סנחריב אשר שלחו לחרף
אלהים חי.
“Incline Your ear, YHWH, and hear; open Your eyes, YHWH, and see; and hear the words of Sennacherib, wherewith he had sent him to taunt the living God” (2 Ki 19:16; see also: 2 Ki 19:4, 23; Is 37:4, 17, 24).
Yet we also find in this chapter:
ויאמר להם ישעיהו, כה תאמרון אל אדניכם: כה אמר יהוה, אל תירא מפני הדברים אשר - -
שמעת, אשר גדפו נערי מלך אשור אתי. -
“And Isaiah said to them: Thus shall you say to your master: Thus said YHWH: Be not afraid of the words that you have heard, wherewith the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed Me” (2 KI 19:6; see also: Is 37:6).
However, the comparison between these verses suggests that גדפו (gidphu) is a ד (d) - ר(r), and a ג (g) - ח (kh) exchange errors of חרפו (kherphu) - “reproached.”
Similarly, we read in the Book of Proverbs: עשק דל, חרף עשהו; ומכבדו, חנן אביון - “He that oppresses the poor blasphemes his Maker; but he that is gracious to the needy honors Him” (Pro 14:31; see also: Pro 17:5).
Yet in the Book of Numbers we find:
והנפש אשר תעשה ביד רמה, מן האזרח ומן הגר - -את יהוה הוא מגדף; ונכרתה הנפש - - - -- -
ההוא מקרב עמה.
“But the soul that does aught with a high hand, whether he be home-born or a stranger, the same blasphemes YHWH; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people” (Num 15:30).
However, the comparison between these verses and the understanding of the English (but not the Greek) translator suggest that מגדף (megadeph) is a misspelled מחרף (mekhareph) - “reproaches.”
Similarly, we read in the Book of Isaiah:
עונתיכם ועונת אבותיכם יחדו, אמר יהוה, אשר קטרו על ההרים ועל הגבעות חרפוני; - -
“Your own iniquities, and the iniquities of your fathers together, said YHWH that have offered upon the mountains, and blasphemed Me upon the hills” (Is 65:7).
Yet, in the Book of Ezekiel we find:
כה אמר אדני יהוה: עוד זאת גדפו אותי אבותיכם, במעלם בי מעל.
ואביאם אל הארץ אשר נשאתי את ידי לתת אותה להם; ויראו כל גבעה רמה וכל עץ עבת, - - - -
ויזבחו שם את זבחיהם ויתנו שם כעס קרבנם, וישימו שם ריח ניחוחיהם, ויסיכו שם את- - - -
נסכיהם.
“Thus said the YHWH: In this moreover have your fathers blasphemed Me, in that they dealt treacherously with Me. For when I had brought them into the land, which I lifted up My hand to give to them, then they saw every high hill, and every thick tree, and they offered there their sacrifices, and there they presented the provocation of their offering, there also they made their sweet savor, and there they poured out their drink-offerings” (Eze 20:27-28).
Yet again the comparison between these verses suggests that גדפו (gidphu) is a corrupt version of חרפו (kherphu) - “reproached.”
It is also suggested that when we read: את מי חרפת וגדפת, ועל מי הרימות קול - - - “Whom had you taunted and blasphemed? And against who had you exalted your voice?” (2 Ki 19:22; see also: Is 37:23; 51:7; Eze 5:15; Zep 2:8; Ps 44:17), we should realize that here a late scribe may have inserted the word חרפת (kheraphthah) for explaining the less common word
גדפת (gidaphthah) which he may have assumed to be a corrupt word